Lack of Sleep Hormone Linked to Diabetes Risk

Low levels of melatonin, the hormone that regulates sleep, more than doubles the risk of diabetes in women, a study has found.

Researchers made the connection after analysing data on 740 women with and without the disease.

Melatonin, a popular remedy for jet lag, is best known for its role in helping to control the body’s sleep-wake cycle. But it also has many other biological functions, including some linked to the blood sugar hormone insulin.

None of the women taking part in the study had diabetes at the start. Over a 12-year period, researchers identified 370 who developed Type-2 diabetes and compared them with a matched 370 who did not.  Melatonin secretion varied widely among the participants.

Women who produced the least were more than twice as likely to develop diabetes as those who secreted the most.

Study leader Dr Ciaran McMullan, from Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, US, said: “This is the first time that an independent association has been established between nocturnal melatonin secretion and Type-2 diabetes risk.

“Hopefully this study will prompt future research to examine what influences a person’s melatonin secretion and what is melatonin’s role in altering a person’s glucose metabolism and risk of diabetes.”

The research, forming part of the US Nurses’ Health Study, is reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association.

“It is interesting to postulate from these data, in combination with prior literature, whether there is a causal role for reduced melatonin secretion in diabetes risk,” wrote the authors.

Whether or not the same association is seen in men remains to be investigated.

Source: Nursing Times

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Simple Tips for AIDS Patients

Modern treatments with combinations of antiretroviral drugs have dramatically enhanced the survival prospects of people with AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) and have enabled those with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) to remain symptom-free for prolonged periods. AIDS is a disease in which the body's immune system breaks down, so patients are no longer efficient at fighting disease.

Signs of the onset of AIDS 

• Weight loss and general debility. 
• There may also be swollen glands in the groin, neck and armpits; cold sores and other skin disorders.
• Thrush
• As the disease progresses patients may suffer from pneumonia, malnutrition and various cancers - typically large purplish blotches on the skin called Kaposi's sarcoma. 
• Patients often suffer from serious malnutrition. Sound nutrition at the onset of the disease to build up body weight and boost the immune system is now recommended.

Foods to choose

Deficiencies in certain nutrients, notably vitamins A, B6, B12 and zinc, which are known to impair immune function are often apparent at the time of an HIV-positive diagnosis. A diet which includes:

• Fish, liver, full-fat milk and other dairy products will boost the intake of all of these nutrients. 
• Vitamin B12 is found in animal produce and fortified foods, and wholegrain bread and nuts provide both vitamin B6 and zinc. 
• Fats should come mainly from vegetable oils and dairy produce, to ensure adequate supplies of vitamins A, D, E and K. 

Until recently, the selenium deficiency which had been noted widely among AIDS sufferers was attributed to the effect of wasting and an increasing inability to digest food. However, there is now some speculation that selenium depletion may promote development to full-blown AIDS.

What to do?

• Avoid undercooked and unwashed foods, raw or lightly cooked eggs, meat pates, and unpasteurized dairy products.

Rekindling a lost appetite

If people with AIDS cannot face three large meals, they should try:

• Eating six smaller meals.
• Taking a high-calorie drink half-an-hour after eating.
• Snacking on nuts and seeds - such as pumpkin seeds - for their calories, vitamins and minerals.

When suffering from nausea, patients should avoid:

• Greasy or spicy foods.
• Acidic drinks.

Plants that helps

Plants that have shown some potential in fighting HIV include hyssop, silver birch and winter savory. Echinacea and liquorice stimulate the immune system. Rosemary helps to fight fatigue. Garlic and oregano may be helpful in treating recurrent infections.

Source : Readers Digest

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24 Ways To Loose Weight Without Dieting (Part II)

Here is the second part of the 24 ways to loose weight without dieting.

11: Limit Alcohol

When an occasion includes alcohol, follow the first drink with a non-alcoholic, low-calorie beverage like sparkling water instead of moving directly to another cocktail, beer, or glass of wine. Alcohol has more calories per gram (7) than carbohydrates (4) or protein (4). It can also loosen your resolve, leading you to mindlessly inhale chips, nuts, and other foods you'd normally limit.

12: Go for Green Tea

Drinking green tea may also be a good weight loss strategy. Some studies suggest that it can rev up the body's calorie-burning engine temporarily, possibly through the action of phytochemicals called catechins. At the very least, you'll get a refreshing drink without tons of calories.

13: Go Yoga - The State of Mind

Women who do yoga tend to weigh less than others, according to a study in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association. What is the connection? The yoga regulars reported a more "mindful" approach to eating. For example, they tend to notice the large portions in restaurants but eat only enough to feel full. Researchers think the calm self-awareness developed through yoga may help people resist overeating.

14: Prefer Home Cook 

Eat home-cooked meals at least five days a week to live like a thin person. A Consumer Reports survey found this was a top habit of "successful losers." Sound daunting? Cooking may be easier than you think. Short cut foods can make for quick meals, such as pre-chopped lean beef for fajitas, washed lettuce, pre-cut veggies, canned beans, cooked chicken strips, or grilled deli salmon.

15: Catch the "Eating Pause"

Most people have a natural "eating pause," when they drop the fork for a couple of minutes. Watch for this moment and don't take another bite. Clear your plate and enjoy the conversation. This is the quiet signal that you're full, but not stuffed. Most people miss it.

to be continued...Part III

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24 Ways To Loose Weight Without Dieting (Part I)

Do you want to loose weight but having problems with dieting? Try these ways and see whether you can cope it.

1: Time Your Meals

Set a timer for 20 minutes and reinvent yourself as a slow eater. This is one of the top habits for slimming down without a complicated diet plan. Savour each bite and make it last until the bell chimes. Paced meals offer great pleasure from smaller portions and trigger the body's fullness hormones. Wolfing your food down in a hurry blocks those signals and causes overeating.

2: Sleep More, Weigh Less

Sleeping an extra hour a night could help a person drop 14 pounds in a year, according to a University of Michigan researcher who ran the numbers for a 2,500 calorie per day intake. His scenario shows that when sleep replaces idle activities – and the usual mindless snacking – you can effortlessly cut calories by 6%. Results would vary for each person, but sleep may help in another way, too. There's evidence that getting too little sleep revs up your appetite, making you uncommonly hungry.

3: Serve More, Eat More Veggies. 

Serve three vegetables with dinner tonight, instead of just one, and you'll eat more without really trying. Greater variety tricks people into eating more food – and eating more fruits and vegetables is a great way to lose weight. The high fibre and water content fills you up with fewer calories. Cook them without added fat. And season with lemon juice and herbs rather than drowning their goodness in high-fat sauces or dressings.

4: When Soup's On, Weight Comes Off

Add a broth-based soup to your day and you'll fill up on fewer calories. Think minestrone, tortilla soup, or Chinese won-ton. Soup's especially handy at the beginning of a meal because it slows your eating and curbs your appetite. Start with a low-sodium broth or canned soup, add fresh or frozen vegetables and simmer. Beware of creamy soups, which can be high in fat and calories.

5: Go for Whole Grains

Whole grains such as brown rice, barley, oats, buckwheat, and whole wheat also belong in your stealthy weight loss strategy. They help fill you up with fewer calories and may improve your cholesterol profile, too. Whole grains are now in many products including waffles, pizza crust, English muffins, pasta, and soft "white" whole-wheat bread.

6: Eyeball Your Skinny Clothes

Hang an old favourite dress, skirt, or a smokin' pair of jeans where you'll see them every day. This keeps

 your eyes on the prize. Choose an item that's just a little too snug, so you reach this reward in a relatively short time. Then pull out last year's cocktail dress for your next small, attainable goal.

7: Skip the Bacon

Pass on those two strips of bacon at breakfast or in your sandwich at lunch time. This simple move saves about 100 calories, which can add up to a 10 pound weight loss over a year. Other sandwich fixings can replace the flavour with fewer calories. Think about tomato slices, banana peppers, roasted red bell peppers, grainy mustard, or a light spread of herbed goat cheese.

8: Build a Better Slice of Pizza

Choose vegetable toppings for pizza instead of meat and you'll shave 100 calories from your meal. Other skinny pizza tricks: go light on the cheese or use reduced-fat cheese and choose a thin, bread-like crust made with just a touch of olive oil.

9: Sip Smart: Cut Back on Sugar

Replace one sugary drink like regular soda with water or a zero-calorie seltzer and you'll avoid 10 teaspoons of sugar. Add lemon, mint or frozen strawberries for flavour and fun.

The liquid sugar in soda appears to bypass the body's normal fullness cues. One study compared an extra 450 calories per day from jelly beans vs. soda. The candy eaters unconsciously ate fewer calories overall, but not so the soda drinkers. They gained 2.5 pounds in four weeks.

10: Sip Smart: Use a Tall, Thin Glass

Use a tall, skinny glass instead of a short, wide tumbler to cut liquid calories — and your weight — without dieting. You'll drink 25-30% less juice, soda, wine, or any other beverage.

How can this work? Brian Wansink, PhD, says visual cues can trick us into consuming more or less. His tests at Cornell University found all kinds of people poured more into a short, wide glass — even experienced bartenders.

(More tips on Part II - next posting...)

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Learn The 9 Best Diet Tips

Are you looking for the best diet tips online? Well, here the 9 simple but best diet tips i have ever found.  Apply it and see for yourself.

1:  Drink plenty of water or other calorie-free beverages.

Before you tear into that bag of potato chips, drink a glass of water first. People sometimes confuse thirst with hunger, so you can end up eating extra calories when an ice-cold glass of water is really all you needed. If plain water doesn't cut it, try drinking flavoured sparkling water or brewing a cup of fruit-infused herbal tea.

2:  Be choosy about night time snacks.

Mindless eating occurs most frequently after dinner, when you finally sit down and relax. Snacking in front of the TV is one of the easiest ways to throw your diet off course. Either close down the kitchen after a certain hour, or allow yourself a low-calorie snack, like a 100-calorie pack of cookies or a half-cup scoop of low-fat ice cream.

3: Enjoy your favourite foods.

Instead of cutting out your favourite foods altogether, be a slim shopper. Buy one fresh bakery cookie instead of a box, or a small portion of candy from the bulk bins instead of a whole bag. You can still enjoy your favourite foods - the key is moderation.

4: Eat several mini-meals during the day.

If you eat fewer calories than you burn, you'll lose weight. But when you're hungry all the time, eating fewer calories can be a challenge. "Studies show people who eat 4-5 meals or snacks per day are better able to control their appetite and weight," says obesity researcher Rebecca Reeves, DrPH, RD. She recommends dividing your daily calories into smaller meals or snacks and enjoying most of them earlier in the day - dinner should be the last time you eat.

5: Eat protein at every meal.

Protein is the ultimate fill-me-up food - it's more satisfying than carbs or fats and keeps you feeling full for longer. It also helps preserve muscle mass and encourages fat burning. So be sure to incorporate healthy proteins like lean meat, yogurt, cheese, nuts, or beans into your meals and snacks.

6: Spice it up.

Add spices or chiles to your food for a flavor boost that can help you feel satisfied. "Food that is loaded with flavour will stimulate your taste buds and be more satisfying, so you won't eat as much," says American Dietetic Association spokeswoman Malena Perdomo, RD. When you need something sweet, suck on a red-hot fireball candy. It's sweet, spicy, and low in calories.

7: Stock your kitchen with healthy convenience foods.

Having ready-to-eat snacks and meals-in-minutes on hand sets you up for success. You'll be less likely to hit the drive-through or call in a pizza order if you can throw together a healthy meal in five or 10 minutes. Here are some essentials to keep on hand: frozen vegetables, whole-grain pasta, reduced-fat cheese, canned tomatoes, canned beans, pre-cooked grilled chicken breast, whole grain tortillas or pitas, and bags of salad greens.

8: Order children's portions at restaurants.

Ordering a child-size entree is a great way to cut calories and keep your portions reasonable. This has become such a popular trend that most servers won't bat an eye when you order off the kids' menu. Another trick is to use smaller plates. This helps the portions look like more, and if your mind is satisfied, your stomach likely will be, too.

9: Swap a cup of pasta for a cup of vegetables.

Simply by eating less pasta or bread and more veggies, you could lose a dress or pants size in a year. "You can save from 100-200 calories if you reduce the portion of starch on your plate and increase the amount of vegetables," says Cynthia Sass, RD, a spokeswoman for the American Dietetic Association.

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